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Rolling Stone's 50 Best Non-Superhero Graphic Novels

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ROLLING STONE:
(as selected by Joe Gross, May 2014)
Summer has become the de facto season of the superhero movies, and while some of us still love a good guy-in-a-cape-fights-for-truth-justice-etc comic book, some counterprogramming is in order. Here are 50 outstanding comics - graphic novels of literary fiction, journalism, sci-fi, fantasy, the works - that do not contain superheroes whatsoever. Note: No daily or weekly newspaper strips were included here, so apologies to outstanding works like Peanuts, Doonesbury, Calvin and Hobbes, Dick Tracy, Life in Hell, anything by Saul Steinberg, and Krazy Kat (still the Beatles of newspaper comics). Also, fanpersons, we're aware that chances are your favorite title is not on here; you'll undoubtledly hate the ranking order; and you'll find some selections idiosyncratic at best and outrageous at worst. But since those of us who love comics also love nothing more than complaining about comics, you're welcome.

No. 50: Puma Blues
by Stephen Murphy & Michael Zulli
(Aardvark One International / Mirage Studios, 1986-1989)
It started as an environmental, post- disaster sci-fi book featuring mutated, flying manta rays as a surprisingly creepy allegory about chaotic pollution - and ended as an almost plot-less prose poem with Zulli's gorgeous animal drawings. Puma Blues is John J. Audubon listening to Crass and dreaming about the Book of Revelations. One of the weirdest comics of a deeply weird era.
No. 35: Journey
by William Messner-Loebs
(Aardvark Vanaheim / Fantagraphics Books, 1983-1986)
If the world were a better place, comics fans the world over would know this amazing 1980s series - about a 19th-century Michigan frontiersman named Wolverine MacAlistaire - as the equivalent of Jack London's outdoor tales, illustrated with the comic bounce of Will Eisner's Spirit strips. Yes, of course there is bear fighting! Why would you even ask?
No. 16: Cerebus
by Dave Sim
(Aardvark Vanaheim, 1977-2004) 
You think you write ambitious, philiosophical graphic novels? Dave Sim would beg to differ. From 1977 to 2004, over 6,000 pages spread over 300 issues, writer-artist Sim - along with his mono-monikered, occasional collaborator Gerhard, who drew the eye-poppingly elaborate backgrounds - created the Remembrance Of Things Past of North American comics. It's a sprawling saga that went from a Conan parody about a barbarian aardvark to a mediation on both governmental and sexual politics, monotheism, the end of Oscar Wilde and, later, Sim's increasingly distasteful philosophy regarding gender and monotheism. The result could be unfocused, pretentious and an extremely tough read at times, yet there remains absolutely nothing like it.

Colleen Doran: Restoring 'A Distant Soil'

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The following Q&A with Colleen Doran was conducted by email by Eddie Khanna following Dave Sim's request to see the result of Colleen's restoration efforts on A Distant Soil and his subsequent comments (Weekly Update, 2 May 2014). Many thanks to Colleen and Eddie for allowing their exchange to be posted here.

A Distant Soil was a frontrunner of the '80s indie comics scene. Colleen Doran's sci-fi/adventure series originally broke several barriers: Colleen was one of the first women in the indie comics scene to write and draw creator-owned comics and A Distant Soil broke ground by featuring openly gay characters as series stars. After a recent hiatus, Colleen returned to complete A Distant Soil with publisher Image Comics/Shadowline. A Distant Soil #39 appeared in April 2013 and the series is scheduled to end at #50.

Eddie Khanna:
I think Dave may have assumed that the books are being printed in your home state because he's looking at saving his costs by having them printed as close to Diamond as possible.

Colleen Doran:
No worries, the point is that he made a bunch of assumptions and they simply don't reflect the reasoning behind why we used that printer. I really don't do many shows anymore. Image wouldn't choose a printer based on the shows I attend, they would choose a printer based on quality and the discount structure they get with that printer. One of our concerns was the die cut cover, and not every printer can pull that off. I haven't self published in decades, and I guess Mr Sim is just a bit out of the loop about what I am doing. But I don't want him to make printer decisions based on false info.

Eddie:
I have to admit, I didn't realize either that the books were done with Image Comics either, and thought it was self-published. I mean I think I knew somewhere in the back of my mind, and I figure that the books will say so on them, and I'm sure the info is out there pretty easily available, but I never really thought about it. I mean, Dave's not on the internet, and so isn't really in the loop when it comes to the current state of things. But I'm an internet user; you'd think I would have at least known or seen it or done some digging. At the very least it seems to add a new question to the mix: is it possible for a self-publisher to achieve those levels of quality on their books.

Colleen:
I am responsible for all of my restoration costs, so maybe that is why people are confused and think I self publish. I have to pay my assistant to restore the books out of pocket. I have not done a Kickstarter fundraiser or anything else of that kind to finance. I decided I wanted to be able to do with my money what I wanted - crowdfunding frowns on payments for living expenses. I cover costs entirely with art and book sales without having to go to the extra labor of producing more product, which takes time and energy from moving forward with new work.

I post things for sale and take them down based on when I actually need funds, and when I am able to take the time to pack and ship. Packing and shipping hundreds of orders is labor and time intensive, as I am sure you can well imagine.

It is more important for me to raise money to pay for my living expenses for the last 6.5 issues of the production of the series at this point: I've almost paid off all restoration costs already. So far I've raised over $40,000, which has paid for most of the restoration and my living expenses for the previous six months of production on new issues of the comic. I probably need to come up with a least $40,000 more to finish everything. I hope we'll raise the sales on the GN's while we go, as we really need to up the sales by a few hundred copies per volume at least. Not an insurmountable goal.

Of course, out of those funds come a chunk for packing and shipping, ebay and paypal fees, and taxes. So my own take on the amount is very modest.

Volume III is the last volume that requires restoration and we are only missing a handful of pages, but cleanup on the original art can still be time consuming - sometimes 2 hours per page. Fortunately, the latter art is cleaner and won't take as long to make ready for production.

During all this I am also working on other projects: I wrote and drew recent issues of The Vampire Diaries, am finishing up a graphic novel with Neil Gaiman, have a miniseries to start for Top Cow, and another series to do with J Michael Straczynski later this fall. So I am busy and finding time to work on ADS is a challenge.

And yes, working with Image is working with an 800 pound gorilla. You get better pricing and treatment from printers. It's a major reason I chucked self publishing. One of many.


Eddie:
I think it's that and also the fact that ADS is synonymous with Colleen Doran to such an extent (from what little I know, it sounds like you've had to fight hard to make sure it stayed that way) and important to you (I recall Dave's comment in an interview that it's such a personal work for you and that you could have made more money working in commercial illustration at the time), that people like me who aren't involved in the comics industry just naturally link the two and assume you're doing the publishing on it as well (if I didn't know better, I'd assume you're creating the art supplies for it as well). Is working on the other projects beneficial or helpful to your work on ADS, and not just in a financial or publicity sense, but in a creative sense? I'm sure it gives you the chance to 'flex' your other artistic muscles or use them in a different way, similar to Dave's cover work for IDW.

I don't know about anyone else, but to me, ADS is a 'Colleen Doran book' much, much more than an 'Image book,' and not just because it's creator owned (although that might change if you ever get pulled into one of those crazy company crossovers and normalman shows up). I am curious though, and this is as someone who grew up reading Cerebus and all about self-publishing, if it was ever to become feasible for you (which I don't know if you would ever consider it to be), would you ever consider self-publishing again? (reading between the lines, I think I know the answer).

I just found out that your assistant who's helping with the digital restoration happens to be one of your fans as well. I mean, it makes sense; someone who's a fan of the series and your work is obviously going to bring a level of attention and care to the matter that you're not going to get with just anybody (the only thing I could imagine being a better situation is having a printer also with the same level of interest in the material).

There's been debate on AMOC regarding the best digital techniques to use for reproduction and restoration (half-toning vs bit-mapping), which from what I understand, has to do with the problems of moire, picking up and maintaining 'fine line integrity' (I just made up that term), etc. I wonder if you'd like to mention what you and Allan found to be the best method to use, since it sounds like you're pouring a lot of work going over each and every page to make sure the work stands up not only for current digital printing processes, but hopefully future ones as well.

Colleen:
I'm flexible. If times change, and self publishing becomes something I want to do in future, yes. Or no. It depends.

I enjoy doing other work for other clients because of the challenge, the chance to work with other people, the income, and the prospect of stretching my skills. It is also very important not to get pigeonholed. I've done hundreds of assignments with other people.

My assistant Allan Harvey was a long time fan, and a photo restoration specialist with about 2 decades experience. I was reluctant to hire him at first, even though Allan is someone I liked very much, since I'd had several bad experiences with fans in the past. I've learned not to trust anyone who says they just "want to help out". There's a bill coming, and you may not be prepared to pay it.

The guy I tried to get to archive my work in the first place lied about his digital skills in hopes of learning on the job to try to worm his way into comics. He was also very anxious to get a crack at my client list.

Long story short, he walked off with the art for about two years and caused a huge mess for me on many levels. We're not friends anymore. I'm just so relieved to get the art back.

Anyway, while whining to Allan about it, I touched on if maybe he'd kinda sorta like to give it a go and he did some samples which knocked my socks off. I am so relieved to have taken the chance with Allan. He's the savior of my project. He is also paid a standard industry rate per hour. 

Allan scans all the art in greyscale and does all his touch ups in greyscale. This was such an important difference from the previous guy who scanned (and taught me to scan) as bitmaps. REALLY bad move. Scan at greyscale, do corrections at greyscale. Place the art on your template for printing and THEN convert to bitmap. My friend Val Trullinger made our digital templates, and we just place them on the blue lined guides and upload the finals. All art should always be scanned and archived at greyscale, as well as archived in final bitmap form.

Most of my original art is done very small: slightly larger than manga publishing standards. But my early art was done larger than standard American comic size. This is where you're going to have moire troubles, because fine tones will close up more when shrunk down from the larger sized art. We had some minor moire tones on some backgrounds on early art: maybe about a dozen panels or so. Not worth getting upset over considering it's a 250 page book.

On later pages drawn at the smaller size, I saw no moire tones at all. While Volume I had about a dozen panels with some minor moire in the background, I didn't find any moire in Volume II, and that is largely because of the size of my original art and use of Japanese tone sheets.

We scan at 1200 dpi greyscale, and then convert to bitmap at 50% threshold. There are a few pages I ran as diffusion dither to retain some grey tone digital effects. We got good results on those as well. I scan art I have here and send it to Allan in London via an FTP site. He uploads finished, camera ready pages after completion and then Image compiles the book. The editor and I go over them and make necessary changes, though there were very few on Volume II, especially. We learned a lot of Volume I and since the art gets cleaner as we go, it's easier to handle.

The only thing I can think of that we are doing differently is we decided not to use the original negatives that we do have. We got so much better results either shooting from original art, or making the effort of restoring the art from scanned pages in the book. We do have some negatives after issue 15 of the series, but to keep everything as uniform as possible, we are not using any of them. And the book looks better for it.

Eddie:
Thank you for this information Colleen, especially the detailed info about your processes and what you've gone through. I can't thank you enough, for this. I really can't. I'm pretty sure I can say that on behalf of EVERYONE who wants to see Cerebus books back on the market. You didn't have to relay any of this, and for that I sincerely thank you.

The restored A Distant Soil Vol 1: The Gathering and Vol 2: The Ascendant are available directly from Colleen Doran and Image Comics are currently publishing the final run of the A Distant Soil series, which will conclude at #50.

Journey: A Wolverine MacAlistaire Adventure

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Journey #5 (Aardvark Vanaheim, November 1983)
Art by Bill Messner-Loebs & Dave Sim

Weekly Update #30: The Graying Of The Aardvark

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Previously on 'A Moment Of Cerebus':
Dave Sim, working with George Peter Gatsis, has remastered the first two collected volumes of Cerebus to restore details and quality in the artwork lost over the thirty years since they were originally published (as detailed here and here). After Cerebus' original printer Preney Print closed its doors, Dave Sim moved his printing to Lebonfon in 2007 as at that time they were still capable of working with photographic negatives and making printing plates as Preney had done. And then Lebonfon switched to digital scanning and printing - a technology which struggles to faithfully reproduce Cerebus' tone without creating moire patterns (as detailed in Crisis On Infinite Pixels). Dave Sim continues to work with Lebonfon to ensure the print-quality of the new Cerebus and High Society editions (as detailed in Collections Stalled). Now read  on...
The Graying Of The Aardvark (2010)
Art by Dave Sim
(via Comic Art Fans)
DAVE SIM:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  1. Sincere apologies to Colleen Doran
  2. "…scans all the art in greyscale and does all his touch-ups in greyscale…and THEN convert to bitmap."  Is Allan's A DISTANT SOIL method a THIRD computer church?  Or an ecumenical missing link between George and Sean's computer churches?
  3. CEREBUS ARCHIVE NUMBER ONE on Kickstarter exceeds pledge expectations
  4. Next goal after paying off Imprimerie Lebonfon debt:  scanning at 2400 dpi or HIGHER?  
  5. Shout out to Menachem Luchins of ESCAPE POD COMICS who is working on getting a small group of comics retailers involved with our Kickstarter campaigns to help get CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY back into the stores.
1.  Sincere apologies to Colleen Doran for misrepresenting her situation in this space last week. 

Indeed, the last that I knew of it was close to twenty years ago when she was "co-publishing" (the term she used at the time) under (I assumed, I guess, mistakenly) her own Aria Press imprint in tandem with Erik Larsen's studio.

(which, it turns out, isn't an accurate term -- I've just been through Erik's entire section of IMAGE: THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE and he says he didn't have a studio. He was just Erik Larsen, Image partner, as opposed to Jim Lee/Wildstorm, Marc Silvestri/Top Cow, Jim Valentino/Shadowline etc. I had completely forgotten that distinction and was bothered that I couldn't remember what the name of Erik's studio was:  thinking I was just having another "senior's moment". "As soon as I see it, I'll go, 'Oh, right. That's the name of Erik's studio. Duh.'")

I was only vaguely aware of Jim Valentino's tenure as the publisher of Image Central and knew that Erik Larsen took over that role from him (and only knew that because Erik briefly expressed interest to me in publishing a CEREBUS COLOUR VOLUME as part of his "new broom sweeps clean" wish list) but had -- and have -- no idea how it all worked in a legalistic "on paper" sense.  

The impression that I had was that titles published by Erik -- which the other Image partners didn't vote on accepting -- were (how would I put this?) "legally/on paper tangential" to Image and that -- way back when, anyway -- there was a definite difference between that and being "published by Image" (meaning, at the time, what was then called or was about to be called Image Central). 

My impression was that Collen Doran/Aria Press was co-publishing with Erik Larsen in the same way that many Indy record labels were associated with major labels -- while retaining a separate identity -- and that that situation was different from, say, Jeff Smith "going to Image" where Jeff Smith "took BONE to Image" -- in the same way that Sergio Aragones "took GROO to Image" just before Jeff did -- that is, AS Jeff Smith, BONE creator, not as Jeff Smith/Cartoon Books co-publishing which remained a separate entity. Cartoon Books published BONE and then Image published BONE and then Cartoon Books published BONE again when Jeff Smith "left Image".   

My impression (and, again, it's an outsider's impression) was that saying Collen Doran "took A DISTANT SOIL to Image" would have been misrepresenting the facts and have been deprecatory of what I inferred was Colleen's independent stature throughout her history with Image.  

Would it have been more accurate to say that Colleen Doran and Erik Larsen co-published A DISTANT SOIL under the Image logo? 

A DISTANT SOIL is published by Image Comics.  Period. Full stop. Got it.

Anyway, no offence intended and sincere apologies for any misrepresentation of the facts in the matter. I'm sure the most important thing is that Colleen's enduring relationship with Image Comics speaks very well of both since they both seem very satisfied with the situation at which they have arrived whatever the legalistic nature of that relationship might be…and which is none of our business. 

Okay, I have now been writing this since 1 am (caffeine-powered non-fasting day and it's now 10:30 am) I'm back from the post office and I have Colleen's books, the earlier printings from the late 90s and the current printings from this year  (and Colleen is now associated with Jim Valentino's Shadowline Studio and at one point she refers to him as "her boss".  So sincere apologies for not knowing THAT fact when I wrote all of the above).

I've spent the last hour going through the two Volume I's page by page and comparing, as I did with Eddie Campbell's book.  First I went through the new Volume I and, yes, there are moires but you really have to know how subtle a moire can be to see them.  

If the "proofs" I got from Lebonfon could be described as being around 75% accurate in this particular area -- the moires are noticeable but you have to know what you're looking AT and FOR to see them, which is why I let them go at the "proofing" stage (benefit of the doubt: I don't think the average reader will see them and I can live with them at 75%, a percentage which dropped to around 50% in the unbound printed copies and moved into the "EVERYONE will see these" category) -- I would say that these never drop much below 95% when viewed directly and never below 90% in my peripheral vision (which is one of those quirks about moires -- they're like wood nymphs or something when you aren't looking directly at them).  Which is a VERY impressive percentage.  VERY.

There are what I assume are creative decisions that have been made.  Just eyeballing the tones, one of Colleen's idiosyncrasies was to use basically two tones and to use them as spot tones (which I think she did very effectively: it's a very distinctive look, having a craft-tint quality to it in one way but not really because it's spotted in, not "wall to wall" as, say, Roy Crane used it).  

Could be 20% and 40% but it could also be 30% and 40%.  I'm guessing that what she Saw in her mind's eye was closer to 30% and 35% but 35% wasn't an option at the time.  They're also quite fine tones, at LEAST equivalent to the LT 24 we used on tiny Cerebus figures which is REALLY asking for trouble when you get into those fine densities with a 40%.  You're going to lose some detail in the line work under the tone just because of the darkness of the tone and that happens reasonably often but not as often as I would have expected -- and I was looking for it.  

So there IS a Frankenstein quality of "adjusted frequencies".  To my eye -- as happened with Eddie's book -- the visual balance of the page shifts.  

Is it wrong?  

Well,  no, not if Colleen likes it and thinks it makes the page better.  In viewing my own work, that's one of the first things I would notice and have noticed about a restored page -- the balance is different.  You can SEE more but it's not the page as I drew it.  Is it a deal breaker?  Well, no, I did approve the original "proofs" which had been Frankensteined.  But I did think, "It just looks weird."  The first impression is: "Okay. Weird."  I can keep looking at it and get over that to a degree but it's the same as making a first impression on a person.  You only have that one try.  

My honest reaction is:  maybe in the 22nd century we'll have "gotten over ourselves" in these areas and have figured out a way to do photographic reproduction again where you don't have to "Frankenstein something".  

OR 

we'll have gotten to the point where a tech person will know, Oh, okay, I know what Dave is saying. Most people don't worry about that or even notice it.  You lose SOME detail but it's just this extra keystroke:  Restore Balance.  It'll be tuned to the same macro-micro adjustment our eyes make going from an overall impression and then zooming in. "If that's how you view artwork by your Comic Art Metaphysics nature: macro first and then only micro when you've taken in the whole thing at a glance, then this is how you will see Balance and what you'll want to adjust on this sliding scale of Macro/Micro ratios." 

Like taking a quiz in COSMO or something. 

And I would probably still ping-pong between the two.  I want all the line work back, now the balance is off, I want all the line work back, now the balance is off.   

There are weird politically correct questions (in which, obviously, I'm not interested but which is of PROFOUND interest to the Zero Tolerance People among us) about whether you've effectively changed someone's race if they were previously a "40% race" and are now a "35% race" which (like ALL of those questions you could chase down a rabbit hole and never come out the other end).  Is it racist to say that the line work on the face of someone who is a "40% race" is obscured by the colour of the person's skin and  therefore it's not only permissible but mandatory to "lighten" their skin digitally?  

Again, I think that's Colleen's call to make:  it's her line work and her mental image of the artwork.  If she pictured it as 35% or came to the conclusion that it would be better at 35% than at 40%, the creative decision supersedes the racial sensitivity.  

But, I don't think we're going in that direction as a society.  I wish we WERE, but I don't see any evidence of it.

There's also some amazing work in changing the coarseness of a tone -- the dots are bigger on some areas of 40% tone where Colleen has used a sheet of tone that's down around 30 dots per inch instead of 40 dots per inch -- only a handful in the entire volume but VERY noticeable when you're comparing them head-to-head (HERE!  What happened with this area? And quickly looking back and forth from the one to the other)  -- so, in addition to taking it down to 35%, the restoration guy, Allan Harvey, has made it the same density as the other tones on the rest of the pages without losing the line work detail under the tone.  HOW do you DO that?  I'm guessing micro inch by micro inch over the course of HOURS. Or maybe it's a simple trick. But I'm guessing a LOT of digital babysitting. Which is why I would say that Colleen is definitely getting her money's worth WHATEVER she's paying him. Can't see it on CEREBUS.  If it was JUST CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY, yeah, sure. Bite the bullet, borrow against the life insurance and just Get It Done.  But CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY are literally just the beginning.

2.  Sincere apologies to George and Sean and "mille pardons" to Lebonfon, as well.  With the volume of work required to get the CEREBUS ARCHIVE NUMBER ONE Kickstarter campaign up and running I've not had a chance to read any of the reactions to the last couple of Weekly Updates which I will be doing today as soon as I post this. Although I'm going to have to cap this at some point because I'm WAY, WAY, WAY past the two hours a week I can allocate to it.  Roughly twelve hours past and still counting.

I even had my photocopier salesman come back to ask some more questions.  I just want to get an 11x17 scanner, photocopier and fax machine... 

(which isn't going to happen and which I figured but you might as well ask: there is no way to keep the office from being like everyone else's office: overrun with computer cords and equipment) (Bill was the salesman on the photocopier I have now, from 1995. He brought over the original contract signed by Gerhard.  I officially have the oldest photocopier by a good ten years compared to anything else INS sells leases or services) 

…but anyone who knows anything about printing and many people who don't just get FASCINATED by this guy with the 6,000-Page Problem.  I mean, it was -- IS -- nice of him but it was another half-hour conversation of "Uh, no, we already thought of that.  That toddles along the garden path and then the 'fork in the road' turns out to be "these two possibilities" and that's what we don't have an answer to.  

He knows of a local company that converted all of their negatives to digital files but, you know, "That was probably 10 years ago. I don't even know if they still have the equipment.  Why would they hang onto it?"  They probably didn't.  Did I mention I still have to answer the rest of my mail and pay bills and try to figure out how to make some revenue from art auctions sometime in the next few months because I haven't got nickel one coming in right now?  Trying not to, you know, PUT it that way.  

Okay this next part was written between 1 am and 7 am when I left to get the mail and buy groceries:

I AM interested in what both George and Sean have to say about Colleen's relaying of Allan Harvey's reproduction solutions as it applies to their CEREBUS restorations:

(Since this will conclude the Colleen portion of our program, let me say how nice it was to get autographed copies of the books -- one PERSONALIZED!  And autographed prints in the Volume 2 package.  And how amazing -- uh, no -- AMAZING it was that I had been added to the list of people thanked on the new printing of Volume I.  I checked it three times.  "I must have just dreamt that."  No, there it is.  And it's the NEW printing.  Couldn't have been more surprised in today's political climate: which for all intents and purposes is the same as the political climate 20 years ago if you're Dave Sim. I can't say it makes up for the times that I've gotten stuff from people who have said that I'm a HUGE influence on them but I'm distinctly NOT on the thank you list in their books, but…as I say, couldn't have been more surprised.  Anyway Colleen e-mailed Eddie Khanna:)

Allan scans all the art in greyscale and does all his touch-ups in greyscale.  This was such an important difference from the previous guy who scanned (and taught me to scan) as bitmaps.  REALLY bad move.  Scan at greyscale, do corrections at greyscale.  Place the art on your template for printing and THEN convert to bitmap.  My friend Val Trulinger made our digital templates, and we just place them on the blue-lined guides and upload the finals.  All art should always be scanned and archived at greyscale, as well as archived in final bitmap form.

Most of my original art is done very small: slightly larger than manga publishing standards.  But my early art was done larger than standard American comic size.

(this was why I focussed on Volume I when it came in. To paraphrase Biggy Small: Mo' reduction, Mo' problems)

This is where you're going to have moire troubles, because fine tones will close up more when shrunk down from the larger-sized art.  We had some minor moire tones on some backgrounds on early art:  maybe about a dozen panels or so.  Not worth getting upset over considering it's a 250-page book.

On later pages drawn at the smaller size, I saw no moire tones at all.  While Volume I had about a dozen panels with some minor moire in the background, I didn't find any moire in Volume II, and that is largely because of the size of my original art and use of Japanese tone sheets.  

We scan at 1200 dpi greyscale, and then convert to bitmap at 50% threshold.  There are a few pages I ran as diffusion dither to retain some grey tone digital effects.  We got good results on those as well.  I scan art I have here and send it to Allan in London via FTP site.  He uploads finished, camera-ready pages after completion and then Image compiles the book. The editor and I go over them and make necessary changes, though there were very few on Volume II, especially.  We learned a lot from Volume I and since the art gets cleaner as we go, it's easier to handle.

There are a few differences that I see (and I hope George and/or Sean will correct me if I'm digitally off-base here):  

a)  CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY are each 500 pages and, between them, represent only one sixth of the Total Project that we're looking at:  6,000 pages. This shouldn't be overlooked, I don't think.  Which is why I don't want to go charging off in any particular direction until I KNOW where we're going.  But, as happened with the unbound printed copies, at some point you have to go charging off somewhere…but try to keep it down to costing you $2,000 instead of $10,000 if you can manage it.  And try to keep from having too many "Dave Sim's Really Cool Oops No, Turns Out 'Just Expensive' $2,000 Adventures!" in any given year. 

b) the moire problem isn't confined to the backgrounds since the 30% tone on Cerebus is a central fact of the lead character.  Anywhere you get even a slight moire, you get a "plaid" lead character. On even a dozen panels, it's going to take the reader out of the book anywhere that it occurs, something that isn't likely to happen where it's only part of a tone effect or background as is the case on A DISTANT SOIL. (After actually looking at the ADS books: this isn't true of Allan Harvey's restoration.  There are at least two characters where the tone on their skin is central to their identification and any flaws -- if they existed, which they don't -- would jump out at you BOO!)

c) all of the pages are 11x17 and the lines get finer and finer as Gerhard and I (in our own minds) try to "keep up" with each other and end up, instead, getting successively microscopic in our rendering, something an upright camera, flood lighting, photographic negative and direct-to-metal-plate transference can capture and which (at least so far) seems to be beyond the ability of computer greyscale and bitmapping to match at the printing stage and which it is only able to approximate in the proof -- or, rather, "proof" stage.  (I'm reminded of the fan who wrote to me about how STOP MAKING SENSE, the Talking Heads album, sounded like it was recorded inside of an oil drum when digitized  -- you take my point, sir! --and that David Byrne had to make a stink about it to get it fixed -- I'd imagine what David Byrne thought "fixed" sounded like is probably not want Tina Weymouth would think "fixed" sounded like.  I think it's "built in" with a computer based society in most creative areas. I realize I'm alone in that, pretty much, and what else is new?)(Again, I'd have to say that that doesn't seem to be a problem with Allan Harvey's restorations on A DISTANT SOIL)

d)  GOING HOME is rendered almost completely in microscopic mechanical tones which means virtually the entire book will be as much of a headache as the really tiny LT 24 dot tone on the smallest Cerebus figures in CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY is proving to be. (could be, could not be.  GOING HOME may not be an actual problem in my lifetime just because I'm not going to live for another fifty or sixty years -- I don't think) (and I'll reiterate that the tones Colleen was using way back when were generally up around -- if not above -- the 42.5 dots per inch density of LT 24 AND many of them 40%)(although not retained AS 40%: was that a "no can do" call on Mr. Harvey's part?  "I can keep it 40% but I won't be able to bring up the ink lines on the face under the tone.  If it's okay to take it down to 35% I can clean the tone AND have sharp clear lines under there.")  

GOOD news this week:

3.  On the Kickstarter campaign itself:

Doing the basic math -- 70% profit margin (so, divide the pledged amount by 10 and multiply the result by 7, subtracting the shipping fees which are included in the pledges but aren't actually part of the profits) -- If the number of reservations hold through May 31st we are looking at being closer to paying HALF of the outstanding amount to Lebonfon as opposed to my original projection of between a third and a quarter.  One potential caveat on that, we had a woman cancel her pledge without explanation, which I suspect might be a This Is What All Good and Decent People SHOULD Be Doing To Dave Sim the Evil Misogynist kind of a gig.  And we have about sixty people who reserved numbers but haven't officially pledged so the situation is -- as they say -- potentially fluid.   

But it, right now, it is good news and many thanks to the -- considerably MORE than The Last Ten -- CEREBUS Customers who are making that possible this month!  

Instead of taking a year or more to get Lebonfon paid off, I should be able to do that by the end of the Kickstarter campaign for CEREBUS ARCHIVE NUMBER TWO this summer. Or NUMBER THREE if the pledges "nosedive" after NUMBER ONE. 

Which leads into "what happens after that?"

4.  a)  The sample signature that we've been discussing for the last while, hopefully.  Bearing in mind that I want all of the outstanding debt with Lebonfon to be paid off before proceeding.  

The problem I see is that I don't want to get into an implied legal relationship by authorizing the sample signature before paying the "printing bills to date on CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY".  I don't want any LEGAL inference that Lebonfon is still the CEREBUS printer and that I HAVE to pay them the full $20,000 and another $14,000 to finish both books because I've been working with them for the last seven years.  

I want to be in a situation where I can get a sample signature done by Lebonfon without there being an inferred commitment to go ahead and print the books so, if the signature isn't SUBSTANTIALLY better than the unbound copies from the first round -- 30 to 40% better being a conservative estimate -- I'm then at liberty to go to another printer with Lebonfon's sample signature, the digital files and ask, "Can you do a better printing job than this from these files?" and then authorize the other printer to do a sample signature after getting a price quote for their printing.  

And then be able to walk away from that situation if their printing isn't any better.

I'd have to say that I prefer Colleen's paper choice over Eddie's -- which is just personal preference, nothing against Eddie -- but I have no idea how expensive it would be or what 500 pages of it would look like.  The paper is glossier but thinner, evidently, because the books are noticeably thinner while having the same page count.  As Colleen points out, Image is an 800 lb. gorilla in terms of printing volume so they're going to get a better price.  THEORETICALLY I have SOME clout, but only theoretically.  "Margaret and nine other people" as a fan base and "Menachem Luchins and Stephen Holland and…well, surely, SOME other retailers" as conduits!"

That remains to be seen.  

And don't call me Shirley.  Nyuck nyuck nyuck.

Which leads to the second step and the reason that I haven't taken it yet:  

b) it's very possible that it's ALL or MOSTLY a scanning/dots per inch problem.  

Period.  

Because of the fineness of the detail in the Cerebus art, coupled with the microscopic 30% tone problem the original art, where it is available, and the negatives where they are available need to be scanned at a much higher resolution.

I bought a replacement for the photographic film scanner that Sandeep was using when his home was destroyed in the tragic fire of August 2012.  Right now John Funk has it. It's basically been a $700 paperweight at Graphic Edge Print Solutions for about a year now.  Except for the day that one of his customers said, "I know that machine! Hey, you know what you can do?  Pour oil on the glass and you get a completely tight seal!"  I'm thinking…no.  

I asked John the other day, "How high a resolution does the scanner go to?"

He answered, "Ridiculously high."  Explaining that one of the things it's intended for is scanning slides -- which are an extreme example of what we're looking at.  Slides are very, very, very small but people want the scans, in many cases, to be capable of being enlarged to, say, billboard size with no loss of detail.  

For that you need "ridiculously high" resolution options.  WAY above 1200 dpi which is already "high end" for scanning virtually all comic-book art.  

The problem is the scanning time.  John timed how long it took to scan a typical Cerebus negative at 1200 dpi and it was about 15 minutes.  So, at 2400 dpi it's going to take 30 minutes.  And if we go with higher resolution, you just do the math.  40 minutes?  50 minutes?  (my photocopier salesman reminded me that the length of time is squared, not doubled so going from 1200 dpi to 2400 dpi -- well, hey, thanks for brightening my day. Did I mention I've been up and writing about this stuff since 1 am?)  

The POTENTIAL advantage is that you diminish your reproduction problems.  The longer the scan time, the more detail the scanner is going to pick up and the cleaner it's going to reproduce.  Even the smallest 30% tone dots on Cerebus are going to reproduce AS dots -- not pixilated blobs.  Theoretically, anyway.

The major disadvantage is, again, do the math.  3,800 original pages and 1,200 negatives times 40 minutes each?  50 minutes each?  

John reminded me that we had gotten this far in the discussion before. Coming from an engineering background he said PART of the answer was multiple scanners.  I think the scanner cost around $700.  He said, even though it looks like an enormous outlay to buy, say, five of them -- $3,500 -- if you have five of them lined up and one person loading them in sequence and hitting "scan" and then taking the negative out and storing it after it's been scanned then you could probably be scanning them at 40 minutes each but actually only taking eight minutes once the person doing the scanning had built up a rhythm and each scanner is at a different stage in the scanning process. 

You still need to pay that person and WHO that person is is limited by my EXTREME reluctance -- since Sandeep's fire -- to let the negatives out of the house overnight under any circumstances.  John's pretty much elected unless I convert the office into a photographic scanner assembly line and then listen to that racket for months if not years on end. 

(And probably get a visit from Ontario Hydro and the Ontario Provincial Police because the only thing that would account for using that amount of "juice" in a house this size is a "grow-op")

And whether you're paying per scan or per hour, this is definitely going to require some VERY successful Kickstarter campaigns for years to come.  

We will do what we can based on how much money has come in/will come in.  

And we have to be sure of the answer, which is why the interim "next step" in this end of things is to take one negative and scan it at 1200 dpi, 2400 dpi, 3200 dpi and so on and then download the files (after they've sapped a lot of the electrical energy in downtown Kitchener being produced) to Sean and George and say, Okay, at what point do the problems disappear?  

Or DO the problems disappear?  If the digital files ALWAYS need tweaking then where is the sensible break?  Do the problems diminish enough at 1200 dpi that 2400 dpi is overkill?  Do enough of them disappear at 3200 dpi to create an enormous pre-press time saving (i.e.  Zero Tweaking Needed?)

Sean came down on the side of the "anything over 1200 is overkill" view until he had time to think about it and then -- after consulting with a co-worker -- admitted that 2400 dpi digital files are not unheard of depending on a) what you are trying to accomplish, b) how accurate you're trying to be and c) what your raw materials are.  To save you checking the back of your textbooks, the answers are a) accurate reproduction b) very and c) not very good.

So, it's not as if 3200 dpi is "off the table".  It SOUNDS like overkill until you show someone exactly how tiny the dots on a sheet of LT 24 tone are and how small they get when the page has been reduced to 57% (standard for ALL Cerebus pages).  

It's POSSIBLY the same thing (in a way) as what Dave Fisher was taught about recorded sound.  You can FIX sound but the better option is always more accurately recorded sound.  2400 dpi or 3200 dpi might constitute analogous
"more accurately recorded sound" in a visual sense.  But we won't know that until we look at what "ridiculously high" resolution does and see what it fixes if it even fixes anything.

Anyway: there you have  "YOUR Kickstarter Dollars In Action".  It's not very sexy, but that's where most of the money is going to be going in CEREBUS Restoration for the foreseeable future:  multiple scanners and paying someone enough to allow their brains to be turned into cream cheese feeding the beasts for hours and hours on end.

5.  Finally, a shout-out to Menachem Luchins of ESCAPE POD COMICS who, so far as I know, is the only retailer who regularly reads these Updates and has volunteered to try to get other Dave-friendly (or, perhaps, Dave Less-Antagonistic retailers) involved in helping finance the Kickstarter campaigns.  

Menachem estimates he could have sold at least 20 copies of CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY just in the time his store has been open (a couple of years) and that this isn't unusual in comics retail right now. 

(just an anecdote, but someone left a phone message saying that even Amazon is selling used copies of the first two trades for $40 each.  I'm sure Amazon has a computer algorithm that tells them what to price books at based on availability)

 Unfortunately, since we're not exactly a comics retailer destination there's an impression that CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY will just turn up on the Star System again any day now -- when the fact of the matter is that the timeline is very uncertain and probably measured in YEARS depending ENTIRELY on how the Kickstarter campaigns go.  We won't even be back to the sample signature stage until the end of the summer at the earliest and, as I've outlined, the sample signature stage is only the beginning. 

I'd say this is getting ridiculous, but in a real sense, this was already beyond ridiculous months ago when I started doing these weekly updates.  So how about this Really Cheesy Way To Try To Drum Up Some PATREON Business (PATREON who still hasn't paid me, not that there's anything wrong with that: don't want to be Dave Sim the Troublemaker)  

STRANGE DEATH OF ALEX RAYMOND UPDATE:  Hello Patreon supporters! As I said last time, you should be getting full-sized Artist Editions of SDOAR #4 before the end of the year.  That's TENTATIVE in the sense that IDW is a BIG company with a SMALL staff but Ted and I are definitely "on the same page".  My next question to him is going to be:  Okay #1 to #4 is one book.  I'm uploading 10 pages a month to you on average of #5 -- the issue that never ends -- so, you tell me AS a publisher.  When do you see a natural break for the second book?  

One of the things we -- very amiably -- disagree about is promotion.  Along the lines of his target to get on the New York Times bestseller list, he's recommending readings and signings at major bookstores.  WAY down the road, but, Ted has a very firm idea of How That Will Go.  You know:  the major store orders 200 copies of the first volume and they get me for a reading.  

I hear that and what I picture is me, 200 books and a line consisting of one guy with a copy of TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES No. 8 and another guy with a copy of SPAWN 10 with that "can I just get these signed and get OUT of here BEFORE the reading?" looks on their faces.  

Not to mention the "we don't have anywhere close to 2,000 signatures on the "I Don't Believe Dave Sim is a Misoygnist petition" and at the rate of 500 signatures every five years, we won't have until 2029 at the earliest.  Ted's pretty sure he can help with that.  Which I'm getting used to.  Dave Sim the madly adored graphic novelist with thousands and thousands of clamouring fans "We Want DAVE! We...

Spirits Of Independence: Austin, Texas 1995

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In 1994, I started a comics company with a friend called Maverick Studios. We put out a comic book called Words & Pictures, which lasted for two issues. Speaking for myself... Dave's Notes From The President on self-publishing (which were being showcased in each issue of Cerebus) really hit home, and demystified the process of getting into comics. It made me want to get out there and do something and become involved in comics.

Through the monthly Cerebus, I learned about the upcoming Spirits Of Independence World Tour that Dave was putting together. This was a tour where he would appear with other self-publishers, and help us all showcase our work. I'm not sure about the selection process, but we were chosen to be a part of the Austin Stop on 19 February 1995. I think my partner at the time had contacted either Dave or Martin Wagner, who was putting the show together as the local liason. 

Dave ran ads in Cerebus for all stops. He even put some of the comics that self-publishers were publishing on the cover of Cerebus. We were fortunate enough to have our comic Words & Pictures #1 showcased on the cover of Cerebus #190. I was able to get a copy of Cerebus #190signed by all the folks on the cover: Dave, Gerhard, Martin Wagner, Terry Moore, John Picacio and myself. As far as I know, there are only like 4-5 copies of that issue that are signed by all of us... in existence. This is probably the most valuable comic in my collection.

When we got to the venue, we were surprised to see that Dave had set aside a space for us right next to his table. This was amazing, because of the traffic we would get. We were smack dab in between Dave's table and Rick Veitch's table. The show was awesome. There were a lot of people there. Dave commanded the most fans, and this was really awesome to witness first hand. He was really popular.

I wish I had been able to really talk more to Dave and Gerhard, but our interactions were limited. The show was pretty busy... and there wasn't much time to walk around because we were manning our table. I'll admit that I was a bit star-struck. I did enjoy some interaction with Dave and Gerhard, and found them to be very friendly, approachable, and really cool. 

I also got to talk a bit with Rick Veitch, and his son Ezra. Rick even asked us for some sketches that he later published in Rare Bit Fiends #10. Rick was very cool... super friendly and awesome to talk to. Also in attendance were such folks as Terry Moore, Larry Marder, Shannon Wheeler, Craig Miller, Martin Wagner and others.

Dave ran a short blurb on our second issue of Words & Pictures in Cerebus #193, and this was thrilling as well. I've written Dave a few letters since then, and saw I even made it into the first volume of Cerebus Letters. I haven't been able to buy the second volume of Cerebus Letters...  I desperately need a copy!

On top of being a really awesome creator (writer, illustrator, letterer), Dave Sim has shown nothing but generosity in his dealings with me. What he did for other self publishers with his tour is unheard of. He helped us immensely, and for that I'll always be grateful. I'd love to have a long talk with him sometime... I really admire him and his accomplishments.

Alex Raymond: "The War Made A Realist Out Of Me"

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ST. LOUIS POST-DESPATCH:
(from an artticle dated 11 February 1949, posted at Strippers Guide Blog)
Alex Raymond, the versatile artist who draws the popular adventure strip, "Rip Kirby," in the Everyday Magazine of the Post-Dispatch, came home from two years of fighting in the Pacific with some pretty definite ideas in mind. One idea was that while there is plenty of dough to be had in "escape" comics, he'd rather take less money and draw something that "helps reflect accurately the age in which we live."

"The war made a realist out of me," says Raymond, who looks more like a bond salesman than a creator of one of the most successful adventure comics on the market. "I lost my taste for the fantastic out in the Pacific. I came home determined to do something modern and real."

When Raymond enlisted in the Marines, he was already at the top of the comic art profession. For years he had been drawing "Flash Gordon," that futuristic portrayal of the blond young hunk of man who whips around distant planets with his girl friend Dale. But Raymond wasn't satisfied.

"Call it patriotism if you like," Raymond says a little apologetically, ''but I just had to get into this fight. I had three kids. I wasn't young. And comic artists were getting easy deferments because they were considered necessary for morale at home. But I've always been the kind of a guy who gets a lump in his throat when a band plays the Star-Spangled Banner and the flag goes by. Anyway, I got in it and I got out of it with a whole skin. I came back a different guy. And I wouldn't take a million bucks for the experience."

Back from the fighting with Raymond came Rip Kirby, the American professor - detective whose adventures are now printed in more than 300 newspapers throughout the United States and who has brought his creator, Alex Raymond, a lot of hard work but even more satisfaction.

"Rip is pretty difficult to do," says Raymond, an able and meticulous draughtsman. "I spend one day and night on the continuity. Then it takes me three days to pencil in a week's strips and another day to a day and a half inking in. I work three weeks ahead and I never seem to get ahead of myself. There's an awful lot of drawing in the strip"... [Read the full article at Strippers Guide Blog]

Dave Sim: "Doing A Kevin"

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Matisse: The Unknown Turtle (2012)
Art by Kevin Eastman& Dave Sim
(Click Image To Enlarge)
DAVE SIM:
(from a comment to Weekly Update #29 posted on 9 May 2014)
I sent Kevin Eastman two of the "Matisse" prints recently -- long-promised to George Gatsis dating back to the last Kickstarter in 2012. (Yikes! As Kevin tended to say in those situations) for him to personalize for George.

And I mentioned to him in the course of my cover letter that I think if the CEREBUS fans could choose between these "how many pixels can dance on the head of a pin?"-style-discussions-as-cartoonist-legacy and "doing a Kevin" -- i.e. selling my share of CEREBUS, lock stock and two smoking barrels -- and then working full time doing NEW CEREBUS stories for IDW (as Kevin is doing with the Turtles) I think I know how the vote would go. I hope Kevin was pleased with my observation.

...I go into WAY too much detail (WAY too much detail) in today's 9 May Weekly Update [No.30 - The Graying Of The Aardvark]. I'm not sure if I'm helping or hurting things or (probably) having no effect whatever. I see my job as basically staying on the intercom and letting all the passengers know that, um, we're skimming over the tops of the trees now, folks, as you may have noticed. Not really sure how much fuel we have left but the GOOD news is, we DO have some fuel left. So, sit back, and relax because, really, what ELSE are you going to do?

Todd McFarlane: The Magnitude Of Sim's Accomplishment

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Spawn #4 (Image Comics, 1992)
Art by Dave Sim
CHRISTOPHER SHULGAN:
(from Saturday Night magazine, November 2003)
...in the 300-issue arc of Cerebus, Sim has exhibited a flair for his medium that few have matched; some still admire his gifts, despite how they feel about his politics. Peter Birkmore, co-owner of The Beguiling, a respected Toronto comics shop, calls Sim "one of the great talents of the latter half of the 20th Century." Asked to rank Sim in the pantheon of comic-book creators, Chester Brown pauses for a long moment. "Would he be in your top 20?" I ask, and Brown scoffs. "Absolutely," he says. "I'm just trying to figure out where I would put him in the top five."

"There's a tendency to dismiss Sim because he's become eccentric," says Todd McFarlane, who achieved fame in comicdom for his work on Spider-Man and would go on to become a co-founder of Image Comics (arguably the last decade's hottest independent company), a move McFarlane says was inspired by Sim. "Most people reading comics today, especially the 12 to 14-year olds, don't understand the magnitude of Sim's accomplishment," says McFarlane. "What he's done is unprecedented - he's crossed a bridge no one's ever crossed before..."

(Submitted by Paul Slade. Thanks!)

Dave Sim: The Lost Interview

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The following interview with Dave Sim first appeared in Comics Buyers Guide #1267 in February 1998, and was conducted by Michael Cohen with Jimmy Gownley. This is the first reprinting of this interview since its initial appearance. Sincere thanks to Michael Cohen for making a copy of CBG #1267 available and for his permission to run the interview here.

FAX FROM ESTARCION
Dave Sim on the creative process, Gerhard's contribution, and whether it was all worth it.

With justification, Dave Sim is a man who said he's tired of answering questions. He has done numerous interviews in just about every comics-related magazine and marathon on-line question-and-answer sessions, not to mention 20 years of replying to the letters printed in Cerebus. He graciously consented to this interview but clearly didn't want to reiterate answers he had already given time and again; this focus is on his creative process and the business end of self-publishing. The interview was conducted by fax from October to December 1997.

THE MARKET FOR COMICS

CBG: 
Dave, if in the last 15 years, Cerebus had turned unprofitable, what would have been your course of action?

Dave Sim:
That’s a very difficult question for me to answer -- impossible in fact -- because I had to train myself very early to not deal in hypothetical questions, particularly hypothetical questions about the past.

Also, it wouldn't just be me having to decide "what now?" since Gerhard has a lot at stake, as well. If Gerhard is going to ask me about a course of action or vice-versa, there has to be a genuine and demonstrable crisis afoot. Otherwise, I’d just be interrupting or he would be interrupting there's. genuine work to done.

The closest we came to any discussion like that was through the "exclusives" war between Diamond and Capital, and Capital subsequently going out of business. At that point the dialogue was about "How much cash do we have on hand and how long will it last, at the present expenditure rate, assuming that sales stay flat and we have to reprint several of the trade paperbacks?" We picked a date about three months before the "flashpoint" and agreed to talk more specifically when we got there.

When the date arrived, sales had picked up and the slow sales period we had come out of meant we didn't have to reprint several of the trades as early as we thought. We're both pretty much in agreement that the best way to handle any crisis in the direct market (at least so far) is to get the next page and the next issue and the next trade paperback done.

Do you think price relating to value is a serious part of the sagging market problem? You’ve managed to hold the line at $2.25. A change to $2.95 probably wouldn't affect your sales, since you’ve got a fairly addicted regular readership. The question is: Is $2.25 where you think the actual entertainment value of Cerebus is?

That's a tough question to answer without sounding as if I’m indicting others. We've absorbed a lot of paper increases and general increases in the cost of doing business, because, well, in a lot of ways I think Cerebus should still be a buck. More than $3 in Canada seems like a lot of money for a comic book to someone who thought it was grand larceny when they went from 25¢ to 35¢. It's more important to me to know that a substantial part of the readership would pay $2.95 than to actually have the extra 25¢ a copy in the company bank account.

It's likely that we would have another price increase before issue #300, but I would hope it would be the last one. If it's at all possible to hold the line at $2.25, it would be really nice to see that on the cover of the last issue. Since Ger and I are the ones running the show, it really doesn't matter how the price is perceived -- too low or too high: It's how we perceive the price. All things considered, we both think the price is about right. We'd have to both decide it was too low or too high before we would change it.

Currently what are the payoffs to you from what you’re doing (outside of the vast fortune you rake in)? What makes all that slogging worth it? Have you considered what it's going to feel like when you’ve put that last ink line on #300?

Well, first of all, I can think of half a dozen things I could have done for the last 20 years 50 to 60 hours a week that would have produced a much larger fortune than Cerebus has. I'd say the greatest reward is just having a vehicle to explore what is possible on a comic-book page and in the comic-book medium. Particularly when the story lends itself to a new "tack" -- like Rick's Story.

Since I was intending to pull out all the stops on the writing side, dealing with good and evil -- or, in its context as an extrapolation of Guys, Good Guy and Bad Guy -- in a very condensed 12-issue span, it allowed me to allow myself as designer and penciller to pull out all the stops, as well. I usually restrain the designer-penciller aspect so that it doesn't interfere with or detract from the writing. Since the story was going to swing very far across many conventional boundaries of -- sanity, for want of a better word -- it was really the first time I let my designer-penciller self completely off the leash.

Of course, by the end of my 10- or 11-hour work day, I'm much more aware of being one page closer to the end of an issue, one page closer to March 2004. My biggest concern is getting the page completely finished so I have a full day to do the next page. For the last hour or hour and a half, that's uppermost in my mind. I have to finish this page and not mess it up in the last hour. The second biggest reward is getting to see what Gerhard has done with a page I finished a few weeks before. That's usually the last thing I do in my work day: go into Ger's studio and take a close look at how he solved his problem du jour -- what he decided to change, what he decided to emphasize, what he decided to leave "un-backgrounded".

I think it was Howard Chaykin who said that what interested him in other people's work was how they solved the problems that the page presented. With Gerhard, I know the finish is always going to be meticulous, so I'm usually looking past that to the thinking he did to solve the problems posed by the page. He's quite a problem-solver, Ger is.

Issue #300, if I don't get hit by the Bus of Damocles, is going to be the same as all the other issues -- finished in stages. My part of #300 will be done, then Ger's part of #300 will be done, then the "back of the book" stuff on #300 will be done, then #300 will go to the printer, then the blue lines for #300 will come back, then the printed version of #300 will come back, then #300 will be in the stores, then I'll have to write the introduction and do my part of the cover for the trade paperback for the last book (Cerebus #266-300 and, no, I'm not telling you the title).

Then Ger has to do his part of the cover of the last trade paperback, then the last trade paperback goes to the printers, then the blue lines of the last trade paperback come back, then we have to sign the first signature of the last trade paperback, then the last trade paperback comes back, then the last trade paperback is in the stores. I think you'll agree that that’s a long time to "feel" anything -- even if I was inclined to do so. Relief is about the only feeling I can picture when the last trade paperback is in the stores.

Have you seen any encouraging signs in the comics biz in the last six months?

I'd say the only encouraging signs that I've seen have been I with a few creators and a few retailers who seem to have decided that comic books are inherently and infinitely better than music, television, movies, toys, and card games. Very few in both cases. As for the doom and gloom among the comics-creator crowd, one of the best pieces of advice I ever heard of came from an unusual source. When Marlo Thomas was starting her acting career, her famous father, Danny Thomas, gave her a set of horse blinders and a card that said, "Run your own race". If you have your blinders on and are running your own race, I don't see where doom and gloom would have an access point to you.

Cerebus The Barbarian (November 1997)
Art by Dave Sim
THE CREATIVE PROCESS

Was there a point where you no longer needed to use outside reference to achieve the effects you wanted? Do you still check out how Bernie Wrightson achieved that ‘certain lighting effect or haul out that book on period clothing design or dig out your Burne Hogarth anatomy books to see what those pesky little muscles are supposed to look like?

I definitely don't refer to other people's artwork nearly as much as I used to -- in terms of "how do I create this or that effect?" I still look at Wrightson's Black Cat when I can -- and my Jeff Jones Idyll collection, Eisner's Contract With God, Sienkiewicz's Elektra -- but more to induce a pleasurable state in my artist personality than anything else. Mmm, mmm, good.

How much work is done on character and costume design before you commit things to the page?

Character designs I usually let evolve over the course of the storyline. I used to try to do a lot of sketches of the characters before introducing them, but they evolve anyway, so it just seemed like hitting a bucket of balls out at the driving range before going out to play softball. It didn't hurt but it didn't help enough to warrant making a fetish out of it.

Is there a conscious shifting from writer mode to artist mode to letterer mode, or is the creator really all these at once (as well as editor and publisher)?

A distinction that I actually make when I'm at work? There is a definite distinction but I couldn't say -- in any way -- that I "make" it.

Most times, starting a page, I either know what it looks like or I know what it has to say specifically, but I very seldom know both. If I know what it looks like, I start blocking in the pictures: The artist is "in", and the writer is dormant or has subsided below the threshold of my conscious awareness. If I know the specific dialogue, I start writing it left to right across the top of the page. The writer is "in", and the artist has subsided below the threshold of consciousness.

In the former case, the writer is definitely dormant. The artist is aware of the mood, the message, the overall statement that the picture or pictures have to make but has no internal communication with the writer (that I'm aware of, I should add -- it's very possible that they're jabbering away like rhesus monkeys below the threshold). The artist just keeps going until he's reached a plateau. If the artist is temporarily lost or satisfied with the "blueprint", the writer then takes over, using words to emphasize what the artist has rendered.

Usually, the writer and the letterer alternate at this point. The writer is doing various readings of the dialogue while looking at the face that is going to say the dialogue. The letterer is looking at the same face and is translating the words into characters -- glyphs -- of different sizes, shapes, and textures.

Likewise with the balloons. The alternating either leads to a smooth narrative flow, or it just isn't happening. Often it goes back to the artist then. The writer and the letterer give the artist the best "reading" they can come up with, and the artist takes his cue from that. Everything is in service to the writer, though. He's the final authority -- which is why it's carved in stone that the artist and the letterer don't do anything except the simplest guidelines until the writer is satisfied.

Otherwise, a pointless debate ensues with the artist or the letterer defending a really cool face or a really cool sound effect that they are loathe to erase while they try to persuade the writer to make changes to suit the needs of a backlit silhouette the artist wants to ink. If the writer says "erase it", the artist or letterer has to erase it. A few times the artist has kept going and had to put the page aside and start over, having wasted several hours of his and the writer's time. The writer has my dad's motto: "Be reasonable; do it my way."

The writer always wants to say more on the page than the page will comfortably accommodate. Writing one page a day is excruciating for a writer, which is why, although the writer is the final authority, the actual final authority is the story which is housed inside the writer. A lot of times the narrative flow is going to be served best by one small word in one small balloon. Very tough on a writer when all he gets to write that day is one word -- which he then has to write out 20 different times in 20 different spots until it suits the artist. The writer would definitely rather be digging ditches at that point.

Is inking just a technical exercise, or are creative decisions worked out at that stage?

To me, describing inking as a technical exercise is like describing championship figure skating as "sliding around on the ice". I don't think there are many creative decisions attached to it.

I find good inking to be all self-confidence and confidence in the creative decisions that have been made in the pencilling stage and I think it's difficult, if not impossible, to have the required level of self-confidence if you're still making creative decisions.

I'm curious how you rate yourself as a comics artist. Do you feel you’re in the same league as Steve Rude, Jaime Hernandez, Mark Schultz -- that on a pure drawing skill basis you're one of the best? Immodesty here will be forgiven.

I can't say that any of the names you mentioned intimidate me. Like, "How embarrassing to have my work on the same shelf as these giants, these masters." Rude and Hernandez have a far more austere line than I prefer. Mark Schultz is consistently the best of the Frazetta-Williamson school. That school didn't graduate until Wrightson's Black Cat story, from where I sit. It's all just personal opinion and personal preferences.

The last time I was actually jolted by someone's work was David Lapham with the first few issues of Stray Bullets. Even though I couldn't use it for anything, I thought he kicked the austere-line school up another grade or two. The latest issue of Bone (#29, I think) has kicked the austere-line school up another couple of grades from there. You can't fake lines like that. You have to know what you're doing.

I think all cartoonists have experienced the feeling of being creatively stuck on a certain level, and, no matter how hard we study, we can't make any improvement. Then suddenly we're doing the best work of our lives and we've magically moved up a level. Do you experience this phenomenon and, if so, do you have an explanation for it?

Oh, sure. That's really the "sweet spot" that I'm looking for when I'm easing up and bearing down in reaction to sweating and straining and being too casual. I once heard from someone that Mickey Mantle said that of the -- I don’t know how many -- career home runs he had, he only got all of the ball on two or three occasions. They talked about it during one of the World Series games. Evidently, when you get the ball square on the sweet spot on the bat, you don't even feel the impact, it's that pure, that clean, that sweet.

In my experience, if you continue to focus on easing up and bearing down when you hit one of those stretches, it makes them last longer. Hemingway's immortal advice also applies: Quit when you're going good. Don't pull an all-nighter, milking it dry. Walking away from the board in a state of peak confidence is going to do more for tomorrow's work than trying to do it all today.

You're able to portray an amazing variety of subtle facial expressions. Where did the information to achieve these evocative expressions come from? Are they something you just visualize? Is it from close observation of people? Mugging in front of a mirror? Or is it trial and error on the actual page?

Trial and error with occasional inspiration. I'm sure you know the "sweet spot" I'm talking about. Everything -- mood, message, statement, expression, words, word shapes, ba1loons, texture, contour, composition, location of blacks, and linework -- everything just lands on the page the way it's supposed to from the first pencil line to the last cross-hatching stroke. Siiighhh. Uh! Where was I? Oh, expression, right.

I definitely mug into my interior mirror. What does that expression look like? I don't have a mirror by the drawing board but I do tend to try out the expression and then follow the lines on my face (it's getting easier to find the lines, by the way) with my, fingertips. "When I go like this, what muscles are pulling, where are they pulling from, how hard are they pulling?" etc. If it takes me an hour to capture Rick wincing, say, my face will hurt from wincing by the time I'm done. Visualization helps. Micromanaging helps, as well: treating it as if it's a page, getting all the elements there in light pencil before I even consider tight pencilling.

I think one of the things that keeps a lot of guys from really working with expression is the pretty female face. I don't know who I heard the rule from, but anything more than a few lines on a woman's face was considered a no-no for years. Lines = ugly; no lines = beautiful.

You could get away with a few more lines on a man's face, but only a few, or the contrast would be too startling if you had a man and a woman in the same panel. Foster seemed to come closest to the solution and he still worked with a very limited range of lines when it came to faces.

Raymond opted for no lines and no expression on either men's or women's faces with Flash Gordonand seemed to modify Foster's solutions when he started Rip Kirby. Williamson seemed to take the best of the Flash Gordon Raymond and the Rip Kirby Raymond. When Neal Adams arrived in comic books, he seemed to say, "Oh, the heck with this", and leaned way into the "forbidden dichotomy" -- lots of lines on men's faces and few or no lines on the women's faces. Why not? On arrival there was no one in the comic-book field who outranked him in the pencilling, composition, realism divisions.

He'd achieve the balance through trade-offs -- an extreme close-up of a woman's face so he could put more lines in without violating the basic contour. A lot of it went into the mouth. The cheek was a clean brush line and there was nothing between the cheek and the mouth, where he would elaborately render the relationship between the top and bottom lip, the relationship between the lips and the teeth. Of course, inside of two decades we had the Image boys showing why the dichotomy was forbidden. The men and women look like two difierent species -- gazelles and elephants, no less.

Do you think that good graphic storytelling is a combination of good writing and good illustrating -- or is it something that could be independent of those technical skills.

Well, "good" is a very subjective thing. I think the seminal point or area of creation is a mystery to all of us. "Where do you get your ideas?" Consequently, the seminal point or area does exist apart from the technical skills; then the technical skills are brought to bear in putting that seminal point or area down on paper.

It always suffers in the translation, doesn't it? I know the creative work that I prefer -- and Roberta Gregory is a good example -- is the work that retains enough of that seminal point or area of creation that, no matter how much is lost in translation to the original page, enough is "nailed down" to make it very worthwhile. Ralph Kidson's work is right near the top of my list of favorites.

I certainly wou1dn't use Naughty Bits to brush up on my anatomy. But there is certainly more authentic portrayal of women in a single issue of Roberta's work than in the last five years worth of, say, Cosmopolitan.

Could you explain a little bit how you go about designing, drawing, and coloring your covers?

Very much at odds with conventional thinking, I design the cover so as to give away as little as possible about what the issue is about -- nothing about what the issue is about, if I can manage it. I like the cover to have significance only alter you've read the issue. Ideally, I should be done with the previous issue before I have to come up with a cover for the Diamond solicitation -- finish page 20 of issue #228 the Friday before the cover to_#229 is due in Timonium.

I have no idea how Gerhard colors the covers. But I think he does a great job.

Cerebus is a work that is extremely complex, both in form and content. How do you balance the desire for complexity and detail with the "need for speed"?

With excruciating difficulty. This is definitely a game for guys in their 20s and 30s.

I console myself continually that the two full decades are done and that I will never again have to do a full decade of a monthly comic book. The back cover of issue #225 was only a slight exaggeration. I'm more than a little dazed every night when I leave the studio. Given that I don't have the stamina I used to, I have to wonder if I have seven years of stamina left. Since I wasn't issued with a stamina gauge when I started this little experiment, I guess it will take about six years and 11 months to know the answer.

Cerebus At The Local Tavern (Commission, 2001)
Art by Dave Sim and Gerhard
ON GERHARD

How has your working relationship with Gerhard evolved over the years?

I wouldn't say that the working relationship with Gerhard evolved at all. The first day he was working in the studio on the first page of issue #65, he did a really half-assed job because he was so intimidated. I wasn't happy with it, and that was nothing compared with how unhappy he was with it. I basically said, "Well, we'll try again tomorrow."

He got over the opening-night jitters pretty quickly; then it was a matter of both of us learning contrast. The characters came out more if I stuck to mostly white and shades of gray and left him black and shades of gray. I had followed the ongoing debate about creators' rights for many years and, on the creative side, that seemed to come down to jurisdiction. Good work comes from confidence, and confidence comes from jurisdiction: turf.

Apart from telling Ger or doing a rough sketch of what I pictured in the background, he had to have complete jurisdiction over the backgrounds or he would have no source for the necessary self-confidence and couldn't, as a result, produce his best work.

I think that's a key point that a lot of people miss. We don't produce the work together; we produce it separately. I don't think the team would've lasted five years, let alone 12 years (and counting), if Ger had to come running into my studio every time he put something on the page for my approval. "No, the flying buttress has to be more open. That cross-hatching is too tight; the window should be taller; the building shouldn't look that old; it should be more of a Tudor style."

It is evident that Gerhard's role has grown over the years, from "Backgrounds by Gerhard" to "Cerebus is copyright Dave Sim and Gerhard." How did Gerhard's position shift from assistant to co-creator and co-copyright holder?

On the business side, the creators' rights thing figured prominently. As we got to a point where Ger had worked on the majority of the Cerebus pages (issue #130), it seemed to me unethical to continue as employer/employee. Any business decision I made would affect his 10 years of creative work, so it was only ethical that we became business partners. We have a mutual veto over decisions. If we both don't agree, then we keep going the way we've gone up until now.

ON THE FUTURE

Have you had any success in marketing Cerebus overseas (non-UK) and will you pursue this in the future?

No, Ger and I really have no interest in translations. How would you translate Harrison Starkey's Liverpudlian lilt into French? Even assuming it could be done, how could I verify any translation, being unilingual? Who would do the lettering? The biggest obstacle is the loss of control, speaking for myself. To self-publish a translation I would have to start a foreign company, hire people to run it, etc. Otherwise, I would just be a cartoonist signing a contract with a publisher, which I ruled out as an option a long time ago.

Do you think the lack of a single definition for the much abused term graphic novel is detrimental to the maturation of this art form?

As I said before, I consider Cerebus to be a graphic novel, and think a persuasive argument can be made that a lack of a definition of what is and isn't a graphic novel could very well be holding us back. It would be pointless for me to define what a graphic novel is, in my view, because I'm so far removed from the popular viewpoint on the subject. It would be like asking a guy who makes 80-pound pizzas how much a pizza should weigh to be called a pizza. If your own preference as a creator is for graphic novels of 200 or more pages, then I think you should do graphic novels of that length and forget about what other people are going to call them. you could probably finish writing and drawing several of them before anyone begins to discuss the subject seriously.

I conceived Cerebus as a graphic novel of 6,000 pages, because I believed and believe that it takes at least that number of pages to even aspire to the structural validates of a really good prose novel. I haven't changed my mind. Cerebus is a graphic novel that is three-quarters completed, in my view.

There are funny little side-shows, of course. Gary Groth has declared Cerebus invalid, because it's "a comic book about an aardvark". By the same logic, Maus is "a comic book about mice and cats". All I can do is smile. As Capote said, "The dogs howl but the caravan rolls on."

Cerebus: The Movie

Weekly Update #31: High Society Audio/Visual Experience In Previews!

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Cerebus Head-Sketches Now Available At Kickstarter.
DAVE SIM:
Just finished reading the comments from last week.  But, first an announcement:

Didn't want to say anything until I was sure that we were in the September PREVIEWS (because the ad proof went to the post office and I only pick up the mail every other Friday, IDW's request that I approve the ad IMMEDIATELY basically sat there until two days after the PREVIEWS deadline. But, I got a call for a comment for the press release yesterday so, YES!  We are in the September PREVIEWS:)

1.  CEREBUS: HIGH SOCIETY DIGITAL AUDIO/VISUAL EXPERIENCE is on the way from IDW.  Although I haven't seen the package in person yet, I have seen all of the artwork -- including the disk designs for all 13 disks in the box set and the DVD menu screens which are particularly nice -- and the photo of it (exterior and interior) in the PREVIEWS ad.

Basically, a stunning piece of work by Justin Eisinger and his crew.

And, of course, I had no idea when I signed for it with IDW almost two years ago, that we were just at the beginning of the HIGH SOCIETY DRY SPELL with no end in sight.  So, as I said for Dirk Wood's press release -- which you should all be reading any minute now -- "IDW and Justin Eisinger to the rescue!" I'm hoping CEREBUS: HIGH SOCIETY DIGITAL AUDIO/VISUAL EXPERIENCE "works" for the stores not only as a stopgap measure while we're getting the book back in print...but as a comics-related product in its own right.

Really looking forward to holding one of them in my hands sometime soon!

2. CEREBUS RESTORATION:
Picking up on the comments from last week's Update:  So, Sean -- if I'm reading you correctly, that means that we SHOULD be scanning at 2400 dpi if we want more accurate reproduction?

It does sound as if we're getting somewhere with this.  A bit at a time.  I was wondering if Eddie couldn't try getting in touch with Allan Harvey c/o Colleen Doran Studio.  I'm not sure how I would phrase it, but, mindful of the fact that if he's got some new ways of doing restorations -- I really can't get over the substitution he did on the much looser 40% mechanical tone with a finer 40% tone and at the same time saving the line work that was under there -- that's an "intellectual property" in itself ("I know how to do something no one else knows how to do") I'm wondering if Kickstarter restoration money couldn't be invested in getting him to do comparable Extreme Fine Tuning on CEREBUS and HIGH SOCIETY.  A couple of possibilities:  pay Mr. Harvey as a consultant, giving him what George and Sean have done so far and asking for his input. Or as I say, saving him for Extreme Fine Tuning. Either that or keep going and assume that we're approaching our own pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.

Obviously A DISTANT SOIL would come first.  I don't want to be accused of raiding someone else's restoration person. I have trouble imagining ANYONE wanting to do all 6,000 pages solo even if they were getting paid.

VERY good news that you think that a lot of this can be farmed out to interested volunteer parties, Sean.

And, of course, I never think of shopping online for used equipment that's still viable.  Obviously, however, a good use of Kickstarter restoration money.  You can buy a lot of scanners for $150 per.

But, again, we have to watch for 2400 dpi capability, correct?  600 dpi isn't going to cut it?  It IS very good news because it means that the money can be used pretty much exclusively for labour costs and "the price of however many people having their brains turned to cream cheese converting negatives for days and weeks on end".

3.  KICKSTARTER:
Speaking of Kickstarter, it's definitely exceeding mine and John Funk's wildest expectations for where we'd be at the midpoint of the 30 days.  So that does suggest that we could be looking at ways of spending the money to move the restoration along in the very near term.  If the numbers hold up through May 31st, we're getting pretty close to the Aardvark-Vanaheim share paying off the Lebonfon debt in one go.

We're going to be accounting for every penny, publicly, as we did with the first Kickstarter, but I think we could be looking at compensation "going forward" for what Sean and George are doing and will be doing (as opposed to what they have done so far).  It depends on how fast we want to go, in a lot of ways.  That's definitely a question for George and Sean:  which would YOU do if you were me?  Compensate you guys so as to be "front of line" in your working day or stick with the volunteer basis because all of this is going to take a while no matter which way we go?

I also don't want to be counting chickens before they're hatched, but, again, if the numbers hold up through May 31st, we should be at least giving ourselves a much longer way to fall on CEREBUS ARCHIVE NUMBER TWO before we get to the last 10 CEREBUS customers.

Peculiar quirk:  out of the 110 or so people who reserved numbers ahead of time, that number has been dropping slowly in terms of "actual pledges".  There was a point this week where it had dropped to 57 and, according to John, just stayed there.  Still, it's good news:  either the 57 actually pledge or all of the people with "standby numbers" get to move WAY UP in the line in a hurry!  :)

In terms of Dave Sim "the misogynist" reading too much into a woman pledging and cancelling -- out of the 1100 people pledging last time, I think there were -- maybe? -- a dozen women? Two dozen?  I mean, it's a fact of life, folks, not something that I'm making up.  A couple of things were being personalized last time and, with the female names, I just posted the question to them, "Is this for your boyfriend or husband?  That's usually what it is in the rare instance where there's a female name." And, sure enough, that's what it was.  And they thanked me because obviously they wanted boyfriend/husband's name on there, not theirs.

Margaret Liss is the exception that usually proves the rule.

Speaking of which, I'd like to thank the most recent signatories of the petition:  according to the home page, Stuart Martin signed 6 days ago and Anwar Ganama and Fort Dudak both signed two weeks ago. Bringing us up to 550 names in the last six years.  A little below our 100 names per year average, but -- there you go.

See you next Friday.

Dave

Happy 58th Birthday, Dave Sim!

Cerebus The Aardvark Booked To 2004

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TIM BRODERICK:
(from Daily Heald, 25 April 1992)
When's the last time you tried to read a 6,000-page, 300-chapter book? Without hurting yourself? What if the story were broken up by chapter into monthly instalments over, say, a 26-year period that lasted until 2004? 

Cerebus the Aardvark is an independent black-and-white comic book that Dave Sim began in 1977 and whose popularity and success helped inspire a host of independent book publishers and artists. The creators of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtlescount Sim among their influences, especially in their decision to maintain independent ownership of their money-making characters.

And, in terms of sheer volume, Cerebus also is considered one of the more ambitious projects by an individual in the comic book industry. "(There are) some who like a quick 120-page bestseller, but they still manage to sell the occasional copy of War and Peace," said the Canadian-born commercial artist turned publisher.

Sim's stories are a lot funnier than War and Peace, but at times can be just as serious. Cerebus the Aardvark, an "earthpig born" living among humans in a distant past, stalled out as a satire on the grim Conan the Barbarian. But as the saga progressed, Sim began exploring more complex issues - and characters. Although the author/artist describes himself as "intermittently read," he studies politics, economics and history to give the world of Cerebus a sense of reality.

Doctor Who Art Auction Results

High Society: The Digital Audio/Visual Experience

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High Society: The Digital Audio/Visual Experience (DVD Box-Set)
by Dave Sim
IDW, $39.99 (ISBN: 978-1-61377-969-9)
Release Date: August 2014

IDW:
Press Release, San Diego, CA (May 19, 2014)
Dave Sim's masterwork Cerebus ran for an impressive 300 issues between 1977 and 2004. Starting with issue #26, Cerebus got a taste of High Society, a storyline that concluded with issue #50, and which critics and readers alike recognize as the point at which Cerebus became a vehicle for political commentary. High Society is also widely considered a great starting point for first time Cerebus readers.

This August, IDW Publishing will release a multi-disc DVD set that presents the entire Digital Audio/Visual Experience of High Society in a unique multi-media format. TheCerebus: High Society Digital Audio/Visual Experience has Dave Sim reading every issue in character -- complete with accompanying music and sound effects -- while motion effects applied to the story art present the material like you’ve never seen it before. Each issue also includes a section of full Editorial Comments from Sim, giving fans a virtual guided tour of this masterpiece.

"With the restoration of the High Society graphic novel now dragging on into its 3rd year -- and no end in sight -- it's Justin Eisinger and IDW to the rescue with Cerebus: High Society Digital Audio/Visual Experience DVD set! Thanks guys!" said Dave Sim.

"Cerebus means so many things to so many readers, it really is a monumental work of our times," said Justin Eisinger, IDW's Senior Editor Books. "Having the opportunity to work with Dave and his team to bring this High Society set to life -- and in this form -- is a special experience that we'll never forget. The creator PERFORMING the story?! It's a hell of a thing."

Originally brought to life through the magic of Kickstarter [and George Peter Gatsis], the High Society Digital Audio/Visual Experience is a must-experience for all fans of Cerebus.


George Peter Gatsis: A Response To SMR's Proposal

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Previously on 'A Moment Of Cerebus':
Dave Sim, working with George Peter Gatsis, has remastered the first two collected volumes of Cerebus to restore details and quality in the artwork lost over the thirty years since they were originally published (as detailed here and here). After Cerebus' original printer Preney Print closed its doors, Dave Sim moved his printing to Lebonfon in 2007 as at that time they were still capable of working with photographic negatives and making printing plates as Preney had done. And then Lebonfon switched to digital scanning and printing - a technology which struggles to faithfully reproduce Cerebus' tone without creating moire patterns (as detailed in Crisis On Infinite Pixels). The following was written by George Peter Gatsis in response to Sean Michael Robinson's Cerebus restoration proposal.

GEORGE PETER GATSIS:
My thinking is simple:

The best way forward is to stick with the greyscale files.

We are 1 year into the printing problem, which started when Lebonfon provided me with in-accurate proofs.

Out of the 1000 plus pages that were printed in the unbound copies, only 111 pages were a problem and that was ONLY with the Cerebus moire.

All the line work was fine, which included the Cerebus 30% screen in the remaining 900-ish pages.

Months pass and FINALLY, after Lebonfon provided me with accurate proofs, I fixed the files and waited.

Then the debate of bitmap and greyscale flared up, which brought the project to a standstill.

I jumped in to help Sean by reviewing the bitmapping and pointing out what got missed in the conversion. After a few times of back and forth, a good bitmapped file was created.

BUT!

In my opinion, it's not possible to batch convert this project.

The original art or film is better than what Preney printed...
Because, the original art detail gets lost when the stat camera lights burn away the detail of the artwork... and the detail of the negative film gets lost when the ink swells in the printing press on the printed page...

So, scanning the content in hirez greyscale/rgb ( depending on the source negative film or original art )  is a must.

After which, you take the raw file and duplicate the layer.

One layer adjustment is done to bring out the detail in the dark areas.
The second layer adjustment is done to hold onto the detail in the line areas.
Then you combine the best of both layers into one.

Done.

No need to go bitmap and then do basically the same work in trying to maintain the detail by converting to another format that is not future proof.

Future proofing:

If we do want to future proof the Cerebus content, then (in my opinion) the best way forward, in order of best to worse, is:

1) Vector format
2) hirez RGB bitmap
3) hirez Greyscale bitmap

And... the length of time depends on Dave... Dave can get the scans done in the RAW RGB FORMAT on his end by John Funk and whatever scanning team they make up at Kitchener... Which is where the BULK of the $$$ would go to.

My cost would definitely be cheaper, since I already have an income that I can maintain my life on.

George

Sean Michael Robinson: A Proposal

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Previously on 'A Moment Of Cerebus':
Dave Sim, working with George Peter Gatsis, has remastered the first two collected volumes of Cerebus to restore details and quality in the artwork lost over the thirty years since they were originally published (as detailed here and here). After Cerebus' original printer Preney Print closed its doors, Dave Sim moved his printing to Lebonfon in 2007 as at that time they were still capable of working with photographic negatives and making printing plates as Preney had done. And then Lebonfon switched to digital scanning and printing - a technology which struggles to faithfully reproduce Cerebus' tone without creating moire patterns (as detailed in Crisis On Infinite Pixels). 

The following proposal was written by Sean Michael Robinson in response to Dave Sim's Weekly Update #31 (posted on 16 May 2014):
...I think we could be looking at compensation "going forward" for what Sean and George are doing and will be doing (as opposed to what they have done so far). It depends on how fast we want to go, in a lot of ways. That's definitely a question for George and Sean:  which would YOU do if you were me? Compensate you guys so as to be "front of line" in your working day or stick with the volunteer basis because all of this is going to take a while no matter which way we go?

SEAN MICHAEL ROBINSON:

Hey Dave,

I've read back over what you've written a few times now, and I'm going to take you at face value here when you're saying "how would you do this?" This. This huge document is how I would do this.

When I started chiming in with advice and bossy opinions a few months ago I had no idea what this would turn into. But not that I've been enmeshed in the process, I want nothing more than to see this project completed by someone, in the most effective way possible.

First off, I want to be clear about one thing -- the prior work on the restoration is not mine. I've done nothing so far other than to suggest ways that the already done work could be modified to print without half-toning, and eliminate the moire that was plaguing the pages. If I had worked on this from the beginning, I would have done things very differently, and I don't think it gives either George or I much credit to say that the current work represents me in any way, for better or worse. It's George's work, with my band-aid.

So, there are two distinct but overlapping projects here -- creating digital "negatives" for the Cerebus/High Society books, and creating digital "negatives" for the entire Cerebus series.

I realize that from a financial perspective, it might be tempting to address just the first project, since you still have some stock of the other books. But from an economy of scale perspective, I think it makes the most sense to, once we've definitively worked out our procedure, proceed on the whole enchilada. Several of the things I'm going to propose here depend on having trained people working in tandem -- it'll be easier to keep people if there aren't large gaps of time between production times.

But it's workable either way.

First off -- for those of you who aren't Dave, let me say a little about myself. I'm a freelance illustrator, designer, and writer. I had a book out last September by powerHouse/Random House, which I illustrated, co-wrote, designed, and did pre-press for. I've done pre-press for numerous clients over the years, mostly albums, but books and smaller publications as well. Perhaps more important for this project, I'm a cartoonist and print-obsessive.

Most of my work over the past year has been local work in San Diego. This month? About 30 hours of illustration for a financial app. Interior and color illustration and logo for a local band's debut album. A process portrait for an independent movie (drawn in stages so the actor can be filmed "drawing" on each stage). Posters. Sometimes (this week, for instance), I have more work than I can possibly handle. Other times (next week? Looking likely) I have little on my schedule other than, finally, making some business cards and a real website and drumming up some future business.

As an illustrator, I work at a rate of $50 an hour. I'm stating this upfront because, frankly, this is what is competing for my time. When I'm writing this right now, I have a roughly penciled album cover on my drawing board that I should be tightening up. I'll be teaching a watercolor class this afternoon for the same rate. Any time helping out on Cerebus, even just writing responses to tech posts here, is in direct competition with that work.

I told you over the phone, Dave, that I've been chiming in here, arguing, testing stuff, throwing out opinions, because I think you're the greatest living cartoonist in North America, and that it's a crime that your books aren't in print, in beautiful editions that are making you money and spreading your work around. With the right procedure, with the right capitol in the right places, I think we can make this entire thing happen in a matter of months.

So -- procedure.


STEP 1: SET UP A SCANNING ARRAY IN KITCHENER

You'll have to get a computer person to come in and advise you here before you buy anything. Perhaps John Funk can advise you? You'll need--

a. multiple hi-resolution (2400 dpi) large format document scanners that
b. can either work together on the same computer or
c. that each have their own computers

Older SCSI scanners could be attached in series to the same computer, but with newer USB scanners it seems to be more of a technical problem to have them all connected simultaneously. This is something that someone with more know-how than myself could hopefully solve in a few minutes.

The most affordable scanners that fit these requirements are the Mustek A3 2400, which are priced at $270 apiece. Even if you had to purchase a used PC for each of these individually, you could still be in the $650 range per scanning station.

The purpose of the multiple stations? To save on labor and time. 2400 dpi= an awful lot of time.

And where does your labor come from?

I have two associates whom I hire every time I have a high-volume technical task. They've worked for me doing scanning and photo adjustment, they've worked for my friend Tim doing audio book quality control. Depending on the client and the volume and the task, they generally get paid between $20 - $25 an hour.

I'd suggest you ask John Funk to find a few people similar to my associates in the Kitchener area. A technically-minded young person(s), ideally, someone who you can pay $15 to $20 an hour to sit and feed the scanners for a few hours a day for a few weeks. (I see that the national minimum wage in Canada is currently $11. $15 seems like a good enough amount over that to make up for the mind-numbing aspect of the task, and to ensure that you can keep the person once you've got them trained).

I'll have a Mustek 2400 arriving at my house in the next two or three days. As soon as it arrives, I'll do a few speed trials, and figure out exactly how long each scan will take.

WHAT THEY WILL BE SCANNING--

A. negatives

Every negative in your possession, at 2400 dpi greyscale.

I'm now convinced that you're right-- 2400 dpi is the way to go, for half a dozen reasons. (Anyone reading this who thinks otherwise—I'd advise you to take an hour to read Dave's posts and my responses over the past two months. )Yes, there will be only a marginal improvement on the page from 1200 dpi to 2400 dpi, and only in the area of the teeny tiny lines (and possibly teeny tiny tone). But it matters to Dave, and it matters to me, and although the scanning will be much longer, the adjustment should be significantly less labor intensive-- no rescues of little lines necessary. It will also be significant in the future-proofing department.

B. original artwork

All original pages in your possession, at 2400 dpi color (possibly a slightly lower resolution, if there's a lower native resolution on whatever scanner we go with, that makes mathematical sense to the destination size)

And lastly--

C. printed pages, when missing negatives and original art

This could be done in San Diego, by my team, if need be.

I'd like to approach this book by book, so that the pre-press work could be happening simultaneously. So, scan every available negative for book X, then every available original page for book X, then any missing pages of book X from the best available printing.


STEP 2: PRE-PRESS IN SAN DIEGO

I'd take a look at the first batch of negative scans and, using a representative page, put together a baseline exposure/adjustment. i.e., scanned on this type of scanner, at this exposure, the negatives will look the most like the original printings when adjusted at Y brightness control. I'd then set up a Photoshop script to do this as a batch adjustment, i.e. generate a second version of the scans using that baseline adjustment and letting the computer do the work without any assistance.

Meanwhile I'd take a highlighter to a Preney copy of the phone book in question and hilight any areas that are obvious flaws in the original printing (not too different than the notes I sent you via mail on those High Society pages. Was there dirt or pencil schmutz on the original negative? Do any corners need squaring? Any line breakup on the original negative? Missing tone?)

Next I'd have my associates Mara and Matt work through those pages represented by negatives only, and make those changes. Anything beyond basic adjustments like these I'd do myself, on a case-by-case basis.

As I was implying before, this works better when there's a large volume of work. If I had dribs and drabs of stuff for them, say, an hour at a time, it doesn't make sense for me to train them to do a task. I'd just do it myself. But at a high volume of work, it doesn't really make sense to pay me to do something when someone else who can do it equally as well will do it for less pay.

All of this is setup to minimize the amount of labor. You'd prioritize it by type of action.

Just setting up a batch conversion or adjustment (i.e. "Computer, that thing I just did? Do the same thing to these other 1,000 files") is essentially free, once you make the script. So there's no loss trying this, other than computing time and a little electricity in setting it up and doing test prints of your results and seeing how close that gets you.

Having trained and skilled but not necessarily expert people do guided work on pages is much cheaper than hiring someone who could be making $50 an hour doing something else to do the same work. So, you prioritize those people second, and give them all the work that they can do as quickly as an expert. (This is basically the situation at a small publisher, where most of the scanning and adjustment will be done by no-pay or low-pay interns, under the guidance of whomever is designing the book). I toyed with the idea of asking volunteer fans do this work as well, but then you're in a similar position as before. It's significantly easier to train someone in person, it's easier when it's people I trust and have worked with before, and it's easier to say "I need you to do this now, this week" to someone who's being compensated for their labor. I feel like if we farmed this out to fans, you'd have to have a significant vetting process, otherwise you'd be back to having to re-do work as it comes in, spending more on the back end because you tried to save money on the front end.

And then lastly, you have the expensive work. Guiding the whole shebang, looking over the pages, doing most of the adjustment of the original artwork, which is more labor-intensive than the negatives, as the pages have to have a certain amount of panel-by-panel and even section by section adjustment to insure no breakup of lines. (Mentioned this last week, but, unlike the negatives, which have already been contrast-adjusted all those years ago, all ink lines are not created equal. You can have lines break up because of how grey they are, not because of their thin-ness, which just means you have to take a lot more care in how you adjust the page, especially if you want to maintain the original overall balance in the first place.)

(Alternatively, if you wanted to avoid this in the first place and all you wanted to do is create duplicates of the Preney printings, I think 2400 dpi negative scans plus book scans of the missing pages could get us there with almost no adjustment, relying on automated adjustment and conversion for most of the work. This is in all likelihood how Lebonfon would have handled the books, had you paid them to do the negative conversion. The main difference being, they were scanning the negatives at an unacceptable resolution, namely, 600 dpi. This is by far the most expedient and economical way to do this job).


THE PRICE TAG:
So, what's the price tag for all of this? For the whole 6,000 pages?

We'd need to test a few things, and that would give us some data to extrapolate out over the entire enterprise. Either take Lebonfon up on their offer, or find another printer that will offer to do a free or reduced rate sample for you. And then ask John Funk to scan the first four “Night Before” pages at 2400 dpi. Get me those files, and I'll go through them from scratch and time myself. Meanwhile, when the Mustek scanner arrives, I'll do some speed tests here. When we run a sample, we can compare head to head 2400 dpi pages adjusted by me from the original pages, and 1200 dpi reductions of the same. Possibly throw in a few other versions if desired.

Just some rough numbers to give us an idea of the scale we're talking about--

Let's say I personally am working for a reduced rate of $40/hr. Given the volume involved here, that certainly makes sense.

If I personally adjusted every page of original artwork at, let's say, 15 minutes average per page--

2,000 pages X 15 min= = 500 hours X $40/hr = $20,000

Let's say that, given that the majority of the pages would be coming from negatives or original printings, that most of the work on these could be done through automated processes, but that, on average, the tweaks and adjustments could be kept to 10 min per page by my San Diego associates--

6,000 pages X 10 min/pg = 1000 hrs X $20/hr = $20,000

For the scanning, I'm going to have to do a few speed trials to make this have any kind of accuracy. But let's say you have 5 scanning stations and one operator. 10 pages an hour seems reasonable at that resolution. (might be faster. Will need some actual numbers here)

8,000 pages / 10 pg/hr = 800 hrs X $15 = $12,000

Add in somewhere between $3,000 and $5,000 for equipment, another $5,000 management time and inevitable overruns, and you arrive at somewhere around $60,000.

For some perspective here, Colleen has paid $40,000 for the first book (?) worth of A Distant Soil restoration.

I don't see a cheaper way to do this unless you have the resources (and unpaid interns) of a publisher at your disposal.

If this seems like a large number to anyone, keep in mind that it represents several months of working time for at least four people.


BUDGET ALTERNATIVE#1
There is a budget alternative for the first two books that, to most readers, will be indistinguishable from this--

Take George's files. Batch convert the whole thing to bitmap, print out test pages, and do finer-tuned adjustments when necessary. Print the book and move on.

I'd be happy to do this for you, next week or whenever the work lets up, if you'd like me to. I think to most Cerebus fans the result would be pleasing.

But to get to the level of minutia that you and I have been discussing, to make these printings equal to the level of detail in the Preney books, it's higher-res scans and files.


BUDGET ALTERNATIVE#2
Scan all available negs at 1200 dpi (¼ the speed of 2400 dpi). I'll do some test adjustment, and batch convert and adjust the whole thing, with no additional changes.

But for something more involved than this, I just can't do that work on a volunteer basis. I hope you understand. It's already a struggle to get my own work off the ground again while spending so much time per week drawing for clients. I can't take on what essentially amounts to a full-time job for six months without compensation close to what I'd be getting for other work.

That said, if you have someone else that can do the work for cheaper, I'd be happy to consult on the work. These are all commonly-known procedures, and there are many people that I'm sure would do a great job of it. I'll also always be happy to take a look at files for you or give advice on anything you need. (Speaking of which—I'll be getting those adjusted portfolio files to John Funk this week-- just a little bit of sharpening required and then some test printing)


Anyway, unless we decide to go forward on any of these things, consider this my finished statement on all of this. This is what I think it would take to get it done. I think there's a marginal difference between 2400 dpi and 1200 dpi, yes, and it does make the scanning stage more expensive, but I think the amount of hassle saved futzing with the scans, and the amount of detail present in the finest areas, would more than justify the scanning hassle.

Lastly, I just want to say that, in my experience, up-front is the best place to spend your money, whether it's recording music, drawing, or pre-press. You draw it right first in pencil so you won't have to white out later on. Ya know?

Now, it's time to draw. Let's see if I can follow my own advice this time!

Sean Michael Robinson

p.s.
Dave, I'll be sending you my book as soon as my order from Random House warehouse comes through! (don't have any copies right now) Thanks for your interest.

p.p.s.
The other (probably long-shot) economic alternative--

Give a publisher (say, IDW) a contract to print an edition of the books, say, a single print run, in exchange for them creating a digital negative for you, from your specifications. I have no idea if a publisher would go along with something like that, but it might be worth making a few calls...

(As I said before, the economics involve make it cheaper for a publisher to do this kind of work, especially a publisher that works with interns)

Another possible money-saving device-- as I said above, don't use original artwork at all, only original negatives. Huge savings of labor. The only downside is you're resigning yourself to any line breakup present in the original printings.

Lastly, even if we were going back to scratch, I'd still be strongly in favor of using George's files and restorations for the early pages of Cerebus. The negatives are in horrible shape, and with those materials, there's no advantage to moving to a higher resolution. So I'd be in favor of just bitmap-converting his work and going from there...)

UPDATE:

Okay, two more things--

I see in my rough math above that I have double-dipping--2,000 pages being adjusted (from the negatives) by one team of people, and then the same pages (from the original artwork) being adjusted again by another person. This obviously wouldn't need to happen.

Secondly, I hope it's clear here that I'm trying to spell out a procedure that could be used regardless of who's doing the work. I think having it happen by essentially three teams, tiered by their level of expertise, should be the real take-away here.
A. 2400 dpi. Scanning, stage one.

B. Batch conversion/adjustment, i.e. automated procedure for the entire thing. test printing, comparison to Preney editions.

C. Only adjust problem pages/problem areas/ previously flagged areas, and have those adjusted by people trained in those procedures.

D. Only really problem pages (or pages scanned from original art) adjusted by someone with line art expertise.
I hope that, even if nothing else comes of this, that this procedure can be of some use to you.

Best,
SMR

Be sure to visit Sean's website Living The Line.

Dave On Dreams

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Cerebus #77 (August 1985)
Art by Dave Sim & Gerhard
DAVE SIM:
(from Following Cerebus #10, June 2007)
...I definitely didn't intend for dreams to play a large part in the Cerebus storyline and, yes, Barry [Windsor-Smith]'s 'Cerebus Dreams' story triggered the resulting onslaught of dream content. When it came in I thought it was a great idea and particularly well suited to what it was that I was trying to do: an actual life. A good third of all actual lives are spent dreaming so it was really impossible to over-emphasize the presence of dreams unless I did over 100 issues of them.

Dave On Dreams (II)

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Cerebus #78 (September 1985)
Art by Dave Sim & Gerhard
DAVE SIM:
(from Following Cerebus #10, June 2007)
...No matter how much research goes into it, we still don't have clue one as to why we dream or what dreams are. The dreams in the Cerebus storyline don't have any common thematic link unless it's something really vague like Cerebus' mostly unconscious certainty that he is intended to fulfill some Large Destiny or other and his, again, mostly unconscious awareness of all things that get in the way of that. Consciously, he tends to see it that he is supposed to conquer the known world and become King absolute ruler and dictator but that tends to be at odds with the reality of the Large Destiny so he gets locked into a yin-and-yang duality thing - the Large Destiny he's actually intended to fulfill getting in the way of the Large Destiny he envisions and vice versa. Apart from that I do have my own theorises of dreams, none of which have any more or less evidence to support it over the others. In Cerebus I tend to take the view that dreams are a hodge-podge of what we have gone through, what we are going through and what we will be going through all filtered through our own internal Iconic Imagery Assortment and turned into little entertainments which all parts of ourselves watch while we're sleeping and which are understood differently - and I suspect, more accurately by our higher natures (souls) than by our conscious-but-sleeping minds...

Cerebus Dreams II

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Cerebus Dreams II
 Art by Dave Sim & Gerhard
(originally published in AV In 3D, December 1984,
reprinted in 2D in Following Cerebus #10, June 2007)
DAVE SIM:
(from Following Cerebus #10, June 2007)
The second Cerebus Dreams story -- Barry Windsor-Smith's innovation in Swords Of Cerebus volume five was the first -- was originally published in AV In 3D. Ray Zone, who did the 3D effects explained the process to us and, as I recall, emphasized using a thicker-than-normal ink line, which Gerhard did and which I chose to ignore for the most part. It's a very quick dream, perhaps a fever dream while Cerebus has his head cold, or a cat-nap dream...
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